Assessment of PD-L1 expression The tumor proportion score (TPS), which measures the proportion of residual viable tumor cells expressing PD-L1, and the combined positive score (CPS), which measures the proportion of PD-L1 on both tumor cells and macrophages, were assessed using qmIF ( Statistical analysis Based on the sample size calculation, with 15 subjects and an estimated response rate of 0.5, we would achieve the 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.239 to 0.761, using a two-sided exact binomial test with a type I error of 0.05
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